Critical minerals in African countries, production and reserves 2023

Created	March 5, 2025
Credit	U.S. Geological Survey, 2025, Mineral commodity summaries 2025 (ver. 1.2, March 2025): U.S. Geological Survey, 212 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2025.
Category	Economy
Description	This data contains a selection of 18 critical mineral commodities and the African countries that produced these minerals in 2023 or had reserves of these minerals in 2024, according the the US Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 - World Production, Capacity, and Reserves Commodity data available from: https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/mcs2025 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6798fd34d34ea8c18376e8ee
Data rows	34
Headers	Type Source Country Commodity Unit_measure reserves_2024 production_2023 productions_notes production_estimate_ 2024

Data

	Type	Source	Country	Commodity	Unit_measure	reserves_2024	production_2023	productions_notes	production_estimate_ 2024
1	Plant production, arsenic trioxide or calculated equivalent.	MCS2025	Morocco	Arsenic	metric tons		6000		6000
2	Mine production, cobalt content, estimated	MCS2025	Congo (Kinshasa)	Cobalt	metric tons	6,000,000	175000		220000
3	Mine production, cobalt content, estimated	MCS2025	Madagascar	Cobalt	metric tons	100,000	4000		2600
4	Mine production, recoverable copper content	MCS2025	Congo (Kinshasa)	Copper	thousand metric tons	80,000	2930		3300
5	Mine production, recoverable copper content	MCS2025	Zambia	Copper	thousand metric tons	21,000	712		680
6	Refinery production, copper	MCS2025	Congo (Kinshasa)	Copper	thousand metric tons		2170		2500
7	Refinery production, copper	MCS2025	Zambia	Copper	thousand metric tons		222		170
8	Mine production	MCS2025	Madagascar	Graphite	metric tons	27,000,000	63000	estimated 2023	89000
9	Mine production	MCS2025	Mozambique	Graphite	metric tons	25,000,000	98000	estimated 2023	75000
10	Mine production	MCS2025	Tanzania	Graphite	metric tons	18,000,000	13200	estimated 2023	25000